Potentialanalyse e-Unterlagen

Im Rahmen eines Projektes wurde geprüft, ob die technischen Voraussetzungen gegeben sind, um Skripte elektronisch statt in Papierform abzugeben. Das Projekt wurde an der ZHAW LSFM mit Unterstützung von SWITCH durchgeführt. Ausgehend von didaktischen Anforderungen wurde untersucht, welche Softwaretools für das Produzieren bzw. das Lesen und Benutzen von elektronischen Skripten auf Tablets geeignet sind. Eine Umfrage an Schweizerischen Hochschulen gibt einen Überblick über den heutigen Einsatz von elektronischen Unterrichtsunterlagen

Symbiose von Theorie und Experiment zur Optimierung der Entkoffeinierung von Tee

Im Rahmen eines KTI-Projektes mit der Firma Infré aus Semsales FR entstand am Institut für Lebensmittel- und Getränkeinnovation (ILGI) ein alternatives Verfahren, um Tee «natürlich», das heisst mithilfe von Wasser, zu entkoffeinieren. Im Folgeprojekt wurde durch das ILGI- Team ein Prototyp im Pilotmassstab entwickelt, bei dem das Institut für angewandte Simulation (IAS) bei der Optimierung des Prozesses half

La narration collective chez les Cowboys Fringants: Représentations sociales et mise en scène de soi

From the very beginning, the Cowboys Fringants, among the greatest exponents of Quebec folk-rock of the last twenty years, have composed songs that reflect their social and geographical environment. Particularly prolific in their musical production, the band appears to be very tied to its community of origin, as evidenced by the numerous topics dealt with relating to Quebec, its territories, and its language. The abundant corpus of songs composed over the years therefore allows for exploration of the contribution of the band to both social representations of the Franco-Quebec community and co-construction of the sense of belonging to the latter. After a presentation of the historical and sociolinguistic context of the sole province in Canada with a majority francophone population, followed by brief methodological notes relating to the treatment of the corpus – which includes all the albums published until 2021 – the study will focus on the places and the protagonists described by the group. The sociocultural snapshot created therein will therefore allow investigation and reflection on the collective identity thus (self) represented, to understand how this narrative allows the band to actively participate in the co-construction of the social representations of Quebecers

La narration collective chez les Cowboys Fringants: Représentations sociales et mise en scène de soi

From the very beginning, the Cowboys Fringants, among the greatest exponents of Quebec folk-rock of the last twenty years, have composed songs that reflect their social and geographical environment. Particularly prolific in their musical production, the band appears to be very tied to its community of origin, as evidenced by the numerous topics dealt with relating to Quebec, its territories, and its language. The abundant corpus of songs composed over the years therefore allows for exploration of the contribution of the band to both social representations of the Franco-Quebec community and co-construction of the sense of belonging to the latter. After a presentation of the historical and sociolinguistic context of the sole province in Canada with a majority francophone population, followed by brief methodological notes relating to the treatment of the corpus – which includes all the albums published until 2021 – the study will focus on the places and the protagonists described by the group. The sociocultural snapshot created therein will therefore allow investigation and reflection on the collective identity thus (self) represented, to understand how this narrative allows the band to actively participate in the co-construction of the social representations of Quebecers

Gyrokinetic analysis of radial dependence and global effects on the zero particle flux condition in a TCV plasma

In small-sized tokamaks, finite Larmor radius effects could lead to a significant discrepancy between gyrokinetic local flux-tube results and global ones. This has been highlighted by previous turbulent transport studies as in McMillan et al (2010 Phys. Rev. Lett.). The impact of such effects on the zero particle flux condition is investigated here. The zero particle flux condition is useful to estimate the density peaking, reducing the uncertainty on physical input parameters derived from experimental measurements, for cases where the particle source is negligible. This constraint has been applied to the analysis of a particular TCV discharge, where a detailed reconstruction of the zero particle flux hyper-surface in the multidimensional physical parameter space at fixed radius had been presented in Mariani et al (2018 Phys. Plasmas). Here, we extend these results, investigating their radial dependence, together with the impact of global effects. These so-called rho* effects are analyzed by simulating a plasma annulus corresponding to the stiff region 0.4 <rho(tor)< 0.8. Because of the computational cost of the nonlinear global gyrokinetic simulations, we restrict to a two species plasma in the collisionless regime, with heavy electrons and simplified density and temperature radial profiles. With these simplifications, the results seem to point towards global effects on the zero particle flux condition being relatively weak

L’e-tandem in tempi di DAD pandemica. Sperimentazione, teoria e feedback degli studenti

Due to the pandemic context, the sudden arrival of teaching online in the university setting has profoundly changed pedagogical habits, especially in the case of foreign language teaching. With the aim of responding to the deficit of speaking interaction generated by these changes, several initiatives have been launched. Among these, within the teaching of Spanish and French as foreign languages at the University for Foreigners of Siena and of Italian as a Second Language at the University of Poitiers, in the summer of 2021 e-tandem systems were proposed, oriented towards voluntary students from seven universities in Latin America and Europe. This paper will present, after having recollected the principles of autonomy and of collaborative learning based on linguistic tandems and having searched through the literature on the role of the teacher in question, an online questionnaire given out to around 350 participants in the initiative. The data collected will then be presented and discussed, to reflect finally on the type of tutoring to propose to the participating students in order to maximise their learning of a second language

Phase-Space Volume of Regions of Trapped Motion: Multiple Ring Components and Arcs

The phase--space volume of regions of regular or trapped motion, for bounded or scattering systems with two degrees of freedom respectively, displays universal properties. In particular, sudden reductions in the phase-space volume or gaps are observed at specific values of the parameter which tunes the dynamics; these locations are approximated by the stability resonances. The latter are defined by a resonant condition on the stability exponents of a central linearly stable periodic orbit. We show that, for more than two degrees of freedom, these resonances can be excited opening up gaps, which effectively separate and reduce the regions of trapped motion in phase space. Using the scattering approach to narrow rings and a billiard system as example, we demonstrate that this mechanism yields rings with two or more components. Arcs are also obtained, specifically when an additional (mean-motion) resonance condition is met. We obtain a complete representation of the phase-space volume occupied by the regions of trapped motion.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figure

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication